Vietnam
OPEN AND DISTANCE EDUCATION IN VIETNAM
(Prepared for the Website hosted by SEAMOLEC)
(Prepared for the Website hosted by SEAMOLEC)
INTRODUCRION
The development of open and distance education has been closely associated with the history and development of the country. ODE was first introduced to Vietnam in 1960. In the first phase of its development between 1960 and 1986, ODE mainly took the form of correspondence courses, evening classes and part-time courses provided by state institutions. Its purpose was to meet the country needs for economists, technicians, skilled workers and teachers. During the war period (1965 - 1975), despite the disruption caused, local centers for part-time education were established in most of the provinces in northern Vietnam. After 1975 and re-unification, ODE aimed at reconstructing the country. Education tried to cater to a wide range of needs, including around half a million demobilized soldiers. However, the efforts were directed towards too many targets, and were too heavily subsidized and centralized to be effective. To remedy this, major education reforms were initiated in 1979. In 1986, influenced by the radical changes in the world, Vietnam introduced new policies and reforms, centering on the notion of renovation and open door policy. This led to the expansion of educational opportunities and greater diversification of forms of education, including ODE.
In the early years of the 21st century, the educational system entered new and overall reforms. Especially, in 2005, many important policies were released to renovate and promote ODE.
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